Essay Medieval Europe - Papal Reformation - 1631 Words

Since the Council of Nicaea called in the fourth century by Constantine to the early eleventh century, the Church was never established as a free standing institution. For over eight hundred years the Church had been under the authority of secular powers. Charlemagne and the Carolingians emperors saw themselves as the ones to maintain the Church materially, organizationally, and spiritually, while the pope was only an example of ideal Christian living. Social deterioration led to the corruption of the Church and its offices; simony being the biggest problem. The papacy itself was corrupted by simony and Roman politics. While reform had been taking place in the local levels for some time, the papacy was the last part of the Church to be†¦show more content†¦The next pope to further the papal reformation was Nicholas II. Pope Nicholas II built upon what Leo IX had already done. Nicholas and a council produced the Lateran synod of April 1059. The synod ended clerical marriage a nd established clergy celibacy. It also added to the strict prevention of simony. Also with the synod, Nicholas and the council made two major decisions that would shape the papacy up until today. The first of these decisions was to condemn the practice of lay investiture. â€Å"The ritual by which a lay prince â€Å"invested† a priest or bishop with the insignia of his office suggested that the ecclesiastical authority was subordinate to the secular† (Backman, 270). The papacy now condemned this seeing as the reforming popes were trying to establish the Church as an entity on its own. The Church wanted to control everything about itself and completely cut off any secular ties trying to control it. The second major decision Nicholas and the council made was mad in the Papal Election Decree of 1059. This was to ensure no pope could ever be placed in power by a secular ruler but only elected by the College of Cardinals. Backman describes it as this: †¦for all eternity the only way for any individual to become the legitimate pontiff of the Holy Catholic Church was to be freely elected to the position by the College of Cardinals. This decree removed the Holy See from the clutched of the Roman magnates, but it alsoShow MoreRelated Reformation in continental Europe and England and its consequences1616 Words   |  7 Pages Reformation is the religious revolution that took place in Western Europe in the 16th century. It arose from objections to doctrines and practices in the medieval church, loss of papal authority and credibility as well as other societal, political and economical issues of the time. This revolution had a major impact on Europe and it gave way to short term and long-term consequences, which still can be seen today. There were many causes of Reformation, some go as far back as the fourteenth centuryRead MoreReformation in Continental Europe and England and Its Consequences1611 Words   |  7 PagesReformation is the religious revolution that took place in Western Europe in the 16th century. It arose from objections to doctrines and practices in the medieval church, loss of papal authority and credibility as well as other societal, political and economical issues of the time. This revolution had a major impact on Europe and it gave way to short term and long-term consequences, which still can be seen today. There were many causes of Reformation, some go as far back as the fourteenth centuryRead MoreThe Roman Catholic Church s Influence And Governance Over Europe Throughout The Middle Ages1936 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay will identify and examine the significance of the Roman Catholic Church’s influence and governance over Europe throughout the Middle Ages. For the purposes of this essay, the Middle Ages refers to the period between the Conversion of Constantine in 313CE and the onset of the Renaissance Period during the early 14th century. In addition, this essay will examine and account for change in the institution and theology of the Roman Catholic Church. It will identify the nature and importanceRead MoreThe Christian Church in the Middle Ages Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesChurch in the Middle Ages The Christian Church in the Middle Ages played a significant role in society. Unfortunately though, the church is often regarded as the capital of corruption, evil, and worldliness. Today, so many people depict the medieval church as being led by materialistic popes, devouring tithes from poverty-stricken peasants, having various illegitimate children, and granting indulgences for money from wayward believers. Yes, circumstances like this may have been the case, andRead MoreThe Renaissance And The Middle Ages1516 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus on humanism. William Manchester author of A World Lit Only by Fire: The Medieval Mind and the Renaissance, Portrait of an Age discusses the concept of the medieval mind, the culture of the Renaissance, and significant changes during these time periods. According to Manchester, the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance is referred to as The Shattering. The Shattering is the destruction of the medieval world view, â€Å"the im plications of the Renaissance appear to be obvious. ItRead MoreThe 95 Theses By Martin Luther982 Words   |  4 Pagesis a historical document that cause major uproars throughout Europe. The 95 Theses were written by Martin Luther in October of 1517. The 95 Theses were ninety-five statements written by Martin Luther in opposition to the Roman Catholic Church. They challenged the common practices of the Catholic Church, including indulgences and the authority of the pope. The 95 Theses sparked a theological debate that fueled the Reformation in Europe. I chose this primary source, because I feel like this is oneRead MoreHistory Of Western Civ II : A Period Of Religious Freedom953 Words   |  4 PagesValentin Professor Acevedo History of Western Civ II 1 March 2016 â€Å"Was the Sixteenth Century CE (Reformation Era) A Period of Religious Freedom In Europe† Reformation is an act of improvement in the existing form or condition of institutions or practices etc.; intended to make a striking change for the better in social or political or religious affairs. The Reformation of the sixteenth century in Europe began as an attempt to reform the practices of the Catholic Church and was sparked by Martin Luther’sRead MoreThe Structure Of Medieval Society Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pageson the structure of medieval society . The Structure of Medieval Society This essay is a revision of the first chapter in ‘The flowering of the Middle Ages’ edited by Joan Evans, published in 1966. This chapter ‘The Structure of the Medieval Society’ was written by Cristopher Brooke’. This takes the original medieval pyramid and talks about is in detail with several stories and he also expresses his own thoughts on what was going on during that time. When discussing Medieval European society, feudalismRead MoreRenaissance, Science, And Exploration : The World Remade1804 Words   |  8 PagesRemade The period of the Reformation roughly overlaps that of the Renaissance, but the two movements are distinct. How so? Discuss three major figures of the Reformation. What forms of Christianity came into being as a result of the Reformation? Compare and contrast Catholicism and the Protestant religions that rose against it. What was the Catholic reaction to the Reformation? The Reformation and the Renaissance were both major movements in Europe that changed the course of WesternRead MoreWhy Did The Renaissance Come From Northern Europe?1696 Words   |  7 PagesWhy did the Renaissance come later to northern Europe than to Italy and what were its distinctive characteristics? The Renaissance, a term coined by Giorgio Vasari in 1550 , is used to describe the period of cultural and intellectual change which started in Italy and then spread across the rest of Europe. This development in society led to Europe stepping out of the medieval era and becoming a powerhouse on a global scale. The Italian Renaissance is what the majority of people think of

Critical Thinking in Sociology - 1264 Words

The media is the world’s means to communication. Through the use of magazines, television, the internet, radios, billboards, etc., we are able to sell, advertise, and publicize materials and goods. The media has a way of eliciting, in consumers, a desire and need to obtain whatever is being advertised. The mass media is mainly ruled by an exclusive portion of our society; these elite few have the power to manipulate and capitalize on the profits made from the media. The main marketing technique the media uses is called subliminal messaging. Through the use of slight manipulations, the media appeals to our pleasure telling us that what they are offering is a necessity rather than a luxury. Not only does the media generate a selfish desire†¦show more content†¦If we can allow for love to penetrate our hearts and minds, we will see the results in how we treat others, and in turn, how they will treat us. The best way to reap kindness and love is to give it. It is a command given to us as Christians, and it is worth it. About five years ago now, I began volunteering at the nursing home in my city. I was asked to take a 94 year old woman swimming once a week. At first, I was nervous and I felt that I was not equipped to do this type of work. I was pleased to discover that I very much enjoyed my time at the pool each week. The experience was eye opening for me as I fell in love with the people that I had the joy of spending my morning with each week, laughing and splashing the lifeguard. A couple of years later, I began working at this same nursing home as a resident assistant. Yet again, my eyes were opened to a whole new world that I had not known existed until then. This world was different than the one at the swimming pool. This one was much busier. It was more about productivity than about quality care of the people. Everything about it seemed backwards. Many of the employees that I worked with made it seem like the residents were more of a hassle and a job, rather than actual people. Working in the nursing home I have seen more abuse and neglect than anywhere else. One time, I asked a fellow employee how he found working in the home, and he answered, â€Å"Well, I have worked inShow MoreRelatedThe Basic Tools Of Sociology And Sociology1034 Words   |  5 PagesArgument: In this piece, Weber outlines the basic tools of sociology and distinguishes sociology as a social science. Weber’s main message in this piece is that that social sciences should be equivalent to natural sciences, and in order to do so, laws should be made within the field. Secondly, he wanted to bring history and sociology together with causal relationships, in doing so he would also analyze the individual’s social action. He mentions that action is only social when it is oriented to theRead MoreCritical Theory, Functionalism And Symbolic Interactionism Essay1351 Words   |  6 PagesIn sociology, there are three major theories; critical theory, functionalism and symbolic interactionism. These theories express the structure of society in which each theory looks at a different aspects of sociology. Sociologists apply these theories in the study of society, but it becomes difficult if only one theory is applied. For that one applied theory, would only look at the aspect to which it is confined to. To successfully study sociology all three theories must be applied together. CriticalRead MoreFord Was An Unethical Leader.He Allowed Himself To Fall1125 Words   |  5 Pages Ford was an unethical leader. He allowed himself to fall into the ethical trap of â€Å"Worry over Image† with his alteration of the $5 Day policy and his creation of the Ford Sociology Department. â€Å"Ethical traps stem from confusion or uncertainty as to what action or behavior should be taken in a given situation. The ethical trap â€Å"Worry over Image† entails making decisions based on how they’ll impact your reputation or standing among peers, subordinates, supervisors, or community. Concerns aboutRead MoreEssay on Why Sociology Is Important to Nursing986 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduction, generally, sociology is mainly the study of society, communities and people whereas nursing is a profession which focused on assisting individuals, families, and communities in attaining, maintaining and recovering optimal health and functioning. In this assignment, I will describe the definition of Sociology, the definition of nursing and explain why sociology is very important and is relevant to nursing practice. I hope this assignment will show the relevance of sociology to nursing practiceRead MoreBriefly Outline the Distinctive Features of the Sociological Approach to Understanding Human Life and the Illustrate How You Would Use Sociology to Make Sense of Globalisation.1554 Words   |  7 PagesSociology is the systematic, sceptical and critical study of the way that people do things together .It’s not a science that simply lists facts and figures about society. Instead it becomes a form of consciousness, a way of thinking, a critical way of seeing the world. It welcomes you to challenge the obvious, to question the world as it is taken for granted and to de-familiarising the familiar. This is what empowers critical thinking which triggers the development of the understanding of the humanRead MoreWhat Is Sociolo gy?1062 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is sociology? We can start by saying that sociology is the systematic study of human society. Sociology should be more than you find in a good documentary on a social issue. It is certainly more than listings of facts and figures about society. Instead it becomes a form of consciousness a way of thinking, a critical way of seeing the social. Seeing the general in the particular. In his short book ‘Invitation to Sociology’(1963) characterized the sociological perspective as seeing the generalRead MoreSociology 210 Study Guide1129 Words   |  5 PagesThe Sociological Perspective I. The Sociological Perspective. A. Sociology is the systematic study of human society. B. The sociological perspective (Berger, 1963) helps us to see general social patterns in the behavior of particular individuals (the general in the particular). C. It also encourages us to realize that society guides our thoughts and deeds — to see the strange in the familiar (Berger, 1963). D. Sociology also encourages us to see personal choice in social context. 1. ForRead MoreCriminology And Sociology And Criminology1213 Words   |  5 Pagescriminal justice and Sociology meet and come together. Sociology is a social science where the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society happen. Criminology is also a social science that studies crime and criminal behavior. Sociologists, by studying society and relationships, are able to determine the thoughts and actions of individuals or criminals. Each science can relate to other sciences and Criminology relates to Psychology, Sociology and more. Sociology and CriminologyRead MoreInsight Into Human Behavior in Sociology827 Words   |  4 PagesSociology is the study of societies. Sociology analyses the various social phenomena, such as ethnicity, gender, and sexuality, to gain a better understanding of the dominating values [and norms] that underpin a society’s function and provides an individual with a sense of belonging or attachment. This insight into human behaviour, both as an individual and as part of a group, has been the foundation for sociological thinking in the past and is still relevant in understanding the present and futureRead MoreSociology Imagination833 Words   |  4 Pagesthings socially, how they interact, and influence each other. The sociological imagination could also be defined as the capacity to see how sociological situations play out due to how people differ and social circumstances differ. It is a way of thinking about things in society that have led to some sort of outcome, and understanding what causes led to that outcome. Things that shape these outcomes include (but are not limited to): social norms, what people want to gain out of something (their motives

Trust and Equity Law Instruments of Fraud

Question: Describe about the Trust and Equity Law of Instruments of Fraud. Answer: In the given situation Sanjeev prior to his death had made a valid will and bequeathed upon his daughter Ishani the farm on the Isle of Wright together with all its contents and to Amal his cousin all of 30,000 shares in Harcombe Plc. Darshan and Jamil, on the other hand, claim that prior to his death Sanjeev had promised Darshan the farm on the Isle of Wright by way of writing and to Jamil the 30,000 shares in Harcombe Plc. As per Amal, however, the share transfer forms had already been completed by Sanjeev in his favor, and was awaiting only the confirmation the Board of Directors of the Company. The Law of Probate states that a testator who wants to leave behind his property in a trust must mention the same as his intention in the will. However, there may be a secret trust in the event that the testator is not willing to name the beneficiary in whose favour he wants to leave behind the property publicly. In this situation on the will he makes the gift of the property to the beneficiaries named therein however mentions it to them then they shall be holding the property in favour of beneficiaries who are unnamed. There have been doctrinal difficulties with the secret trust recognition as there is contravention that is apparent with the Wills Act 1837, Section 9. It is required under this Section that all testamentary dispositions are to be signed by the testator and should be in writing along with the witness. Thus in the given case of Sanjeev's testimony, it is possible that there is a secret trust that has been formed by Sanjeev in the favour of Darshan and Jameel. This secr et trust is primarily of two types (a) a fully secret trust the fully seceret trust's validity had been accepted and established in the case of McCormick vs. Gorgan[1] by the House of Lords and (b) a half secret trust is a trust where the existence of the same appears in the will. However, there are no formal terms that appear in it. In the given situation of Darsh and Jameel, it could be a fully secret however there are certain criterions that need to be complied with for it to be a secret trust, in the given case for the trust to exist all the criterions have not been satisfied. In a trust that is fully secret trust the will of trust and its terms are not mentioned in the will. The oral evidence of trustee and testator is sufficient generally in these kinds of trust. However, there should be an intention on the part of the testator for the creation of such trust. However, it must be noted that in the case of such trust it is necessary that there should be communication of the intention to the trustee, and either impliedly or expressly there must be acceptance by the trustee of the same. There must have been an intention on the part of the testator to create a trust in this form, and there must have been communication of the trust and its terms to the trustee who has been proposed prior to the will's execution, these terms also should have been accepted by the trustee. It was held in the case of Blackwell vs. Blackwell[2] that there are three necessary elements to this secret trust (a) intention, (b) communication and (c) acquiescence. The intention of the testator is that the entire gift should be utilized in a manner of his will and not the desires of the done, this intention is told to the donee and either by way of tacit or express promise which is indicated through acquiescence, there is encouragement by the proposed done for bequeathing of money in the faith that there is a carrying out of the intention. However due to there being a lack of evidence with respect to the terms and existence there is a slight awkwardness in fully secret trust.[3] The test for proving whether a fully secret trust was in existence was set out in the case of Ottaway vs. Norman[4]. This test it that the person to whom there is an imposition of the trust is the primary donee' and under the trust the beneficiary will be the secondary donee'. Elements that are essentia l to be proved are (i) there must have been an intention on the part of the testator for subjecting the primary donee with the obligation which is in the secondary donee's favour; (ii) the intention should be communicated to the primary donee; and (iii) the obligation must be accepted by the primary donee wither by acquiescence. It however not material whether the elements succeed or precede the donor's will. Therefore for a fully secret trust to valid, it is to be proved that an intention was there to create the trust which was communicated to the trustee, and these obligations had been accepted by the trustee. Intention as one of the requirements applies to the fully secret trusts in the same manner as it applies to other trusts.[5] The second requirement is that of communication to the trustee of both the terms as well as the secret trust to the trustee this may be done after the will has been written however it must be prior to the death of the person[6] if there is no communication then the trust would be void. Kay J. in the case of Re Boyes[7] opined that communication means that there should be a chance given to the trustee for refusing the office, and as such, after death, the same cannot be done.[8] Lastly, it is necessary that the trustee accepts his office. In the case Wallgrave vs. Tebbs[9] the two manners in which this could be done was set out by Wood VC when he stated[10] that where a person knows that disposition is being made by testator in his favour the intention of the same is application for purposes that are for benefits other than his, either promises expressly, or by implied silence that the intention of the testator shall be carried out in this effect it is upon the faith of that understan ding or promise that the property is left to him[11]. Therefore the communication of the acceptance can be in two ways either by direct stating of the trustee of his acceptance or by not denying implying the same.[12] In the case of Darshan and Jameel, the claim of a secret trust would be difficult to establish as their needs to be compliance with the three requirements as set down in the cases of Ottaway and Blackwell. However it seems from the facts of the case mentioned that there was no intimation that was given and in a fully secret trust where in there are no words that impose the trust in the case that there is no communication to the legatee during the lifetime of the testator then the will shall taken effect as being to the legate a beneficial gift.[13] Also it seems that there was no opportunity that was given to the beneficiaries under the Ishani and Amal and as given in the case of Re Boyes wherein it was opined that two documents that were unattested would not be sufficient for constitution communication of the trust's terms as there was no opportunity that was given to the trustee for refusing the same. Similarly in Darshan and Jameel's case though there is a written letter and a bla nk share transfer form which as claimed by them had been handed over to them by Sanjeev however these are unattested documents and there is no proof that similar intimation had been given to Ishani and Amal as well. Thus, it can be stated that in the case of Jameel and Darshan the only requirement that is being fulfilled is that of intention of the testator. However from the facts, it seems that the same has not been communicated, and neither has there been acceptance of this trust. The intention has however been established with certainty as he has given in writing to Darsh the farm at the Isle of Wright and to however what is not clearly indicated that Sanjeev wanted to appoint Ishani and Amal as primary donee to hold as the trust for Jameel and Darshan. In the case Re Snowden[14] it was held that communication must be of both the terms of the trust and the facts of the trust, communicating the trusts extent and this communication is required to be made before the testators death.[15] It is required for the trustee intended to accept to hold the property as trust. In Jameel and Darshans case from the fact it seems that both Ishani and Amal had not been made aware of the fact that the property was to be held in trust and that there was intention on the part of Sanjeev to have it transferred to Jameel and Darshan, due to lack of evidence regarding the same it would be difficult to establish that a secret trust existed in favour of Jameel and Darshan. There are however two theories that can be used to justify the situation for Jameel and Darshan. The first theory is the fraud theory. This theory is based on the fact that the statute shall not be permitted by equity to be used as an instrument of fraud. The denial of trust is prevented under the operation of fraud theory based on statutory formalities that are unsatisfactory. It was in the case of Rouchefoucauld v. Boustead[16] that this theory gained support. The other theory is that of Dehors the Will Theory which it is argued that the operation of the secret trust is outside the will. However, both these theories are very unreliable with respect to the acceptance of evidence and cannot be relied on in this case as there is no evidence of the fact that there was communication with the donee under the will Ishani and Amal that such trust would exist. In conclusion, it can be stated that there was no secret trust between the parties as, if there is a secret trust, it is necessary that there should be some kind of evidence for making it enforceable. This can be a written or oral evidence but as in an express trust must clearly indicate that there is an intention for the creation of the trust.[17] Just mere hope or words that are precatory are not sufficient.[18] In the case of Jameel and Amal, it can be said that there was a mere hope that a secret trust would exist but not enough evidence to prove the same. Further as discussed communication is an essential party the trustee must be made aware of the trust otherwise the conscience of the trustee would not be bound. Agreement to such terms is also necessary. As in the case of Wallgrave v Tebbs[19] where no communication was made to Mr. Martin and Mr. Tebbs that they would be holding the property as trustee, and it was only after the death of the testator that this fact emerged it w as opined that they would be holding the property absolutely. Thus where there no establishment of a secret trust the beneficiary under the will shall hold outright, however, if the terms of the trust are not known but the fact that the secret trust exists is known then the would-be trustee will embrace on consequential trust for the estate of the testator.[20] It is advisable that Jameel and Darshan bring in evidence indicating that both Ishani and Amal were communicated of transfer of property and that they had accepted that they would only been the beneficiaries under the will and acting as a trustee for Darshan and Amal, without such proof there would be no claim that Darshan and Amal can have over the property bequeathed to Ishani and Amal under the will. References Critchley P, 'Instruments Of Fraud, Testamentary Dispositions And The Doctrine Of Secret Trusts' [2000] Law Quarterly Review Goldsworth J, 'Case Note: Half Secret Trusts: The Beginning Of A Change?' (1999) 5 Trusts Trustees Haley M and McMurtry L,Equity Trusts(Sweet Maxwell 2006) Hudson A,Equity And Trusts(Routledge-Cavendish 2007) Mee J, 'Half-Secret Trusts In England And Ireland' [2009] Conveyancer and Property Lawyer Pettit P,Equity And The Law Of Trusts(11th edn, Butterworths 2009) Blackwell vs Blackwell[1929] AC 218 McCormick vs Gorgan[1869] LR 4 HL 82 Iain McDonald and Anne Street, Equity Trusts (Oxford University Press 2009). Ottaway vs Norman[1972] 2 WLR 50 E Penner, The Law Of Trusts (Oxford University Press 2006). Re Boyes[1884] 26 Ch D 531 Re Snowden[1979] 2 All ER 172) Rouchefoucauld v Boustead[1897] 1 Ch 196 Wallgrave v Tebbs[1855] 2 K J 313 Wilkie M, Malcolm R and Luxton P, Equity Trusts (Oxford University Press 2004) [1] McCormick vs Gorgan [1869] LR 4 HL 82. [2] Blackwell vs Blackwell [1929] AC 218. [3] Margaret Wilkie, Rosalind Malcolm and Peter Luxton, Equity Trusts (Oxford University Press 2004). [4] Ottaway vs Norman [1972] 2 WLR 50. [5] Alastair Hudson, Equity And Trusts (Routledge-Cavendish 2007). [6] John Mee, 'Half-Secret Trusts In England And Ireland' [2009] Conveyancer and Property Lawyer. [7] Re Boyes [1884] 26 Ch D 531. [8] Supra 4 [9] Wallgrave vs Tebbs [1855] 25 LJ Ch 241. [10] Ibid [11] Supra 4 at 278 [12] Supra 4 at 279 [13] Michael A Haley and Lara McMurtry, Equity Trusts (Sweet Maxwell 2006). [14] Re Snowden [1979] 2 All ER 172). [15] McDonald I and Street A, Equity Trusts (Oxford University Press 2009) [16] Rouchefoucauld v Boustead [1897] 1 Ch 196. [17] Philip Henry Pettit, Equity And The Law Of Trusts (11th edn, Butterworths 2009). [18] Supra 12 [19] Wallgrave v Tebbs [1855] 2 K J 313. [20] P. Critchley, 'Instruments Of Fraud, Testamentary Dispositions And The Doctrine Of Secret Trusts' [2000] Law Quarterly Review.

Harry Chapin poetry essay Example For Students

Harry Chapin poetry essay Cats in the Cradle Poetry Essay chose this song as my poem for my project because I felt Like the story that it tells Is common in todays society. I liked this song because although it is sad, it has an upbeat and very catchy chorus that has deeper meaning. With many songs of today, they sacrifice deeper meaning for catchy lyrics that dont really mean anything. I think this song Is about a man that has a son but Is very busy with work and never has time for the son. The son keeps on saying that he is going to be just like his father ND as he gets older, the son begins to have no time for his dad. This is a very sad song but I enjoyed that Harry Chapin was able to tell this story in such a creative way. Harry Chapin uses multiple literary devices In the song Cats In the Cradle. One literary device would be foreshadowing. Foreshadowing Is used when the little boy says, Im goanna be like you dad, you know Im goanna be like you. In the end of the song the son is always too busy to spend time with his dad just like the dad was too busy to spend time with the son. Foreshadowing Is used when the son told the dad that hes going to be the same as him. In the end this comes true. A second literary device that Chapin used was symbolism, when Chapin says, Little boy blue and the man on the moon he is using symbolism to refer to the son and the dad. These two symbols have multiple meanings. The little boy blue is the son and the little boy blue comes from an old nursery rhyme. In the nursery rhyme Is says little boy blue come blow your horn. I find that the son asking his dad to spend time with him is the little ay blue blowing his horn and trying to get attention. The father is seen as the man on the moon. I believe that the father is symbolized as the man on the moon because he is constantly traveling and never has time to spend with his son. Astronauts are gone from their fearfulness for months at a time and this Is how I find Harry Chaplin relates the dads constant business trips to. This song tells of a father and son who cant schedule time to be with each other, and its a warning against putting your career before your own family. The verses tell a story of a father with his newborn son. Although the dad gets the necessities of raising a child accomplished, he doesnt allow himself to put in quality time with his son because of his career. This seems like no big deal because of his life working and paying bills. Over time, both father and son change roles. The father realizes his sons ambitions and goals of college, grades, and driving and wants to spend more time with him. But realizes that now his son has no time for him. In the last verse, the son is all grown up with a job and kids f his own. We see that the son has no time to spend with his father. Sadly, dad realizes that his boy has become Just like him. This song is based on a poem that Hardys wife Sandy wrote. Harry Introduced the song at all his concerts and said, This is a song my wife wrote to zap me because I wasnt home when our son Josh was born. It took the birth of his son for Harry Chapin to decide to turn the poem into a song. Harry Chapin poetry essay By Suitabilitys I chose this song as my poem for my project because I felt like the story that it tells is his song is about a man that has a son but is very busy with work and never has time for the son. .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02 , .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02 .postImageUrl , .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02 , .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02:hover , .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02:visited , .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02:active { border:0!important; } .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02:active , .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02 .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u27240a0c41961e040ef59bf224fdce02:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: West Indian Poetry Analysis EssayThe son keeps on saying that he is going to be Just like his father Harry Chapin uses multiple literary devices in the song Cats in the Cradle. One literary device would be foreshadowing. Foreshadowing is used when the little boy song the son is always too busy to spend time with his dad Just like the dad was too busy to spend time with the son. Foreshadowing is used when the son told the dad comes from an old nursery rhyme.

Role of Trade Unions in 2011

Introduction Clyde E. Dankert, a professor in economics, in his articles formulates what he calls a comprehensive definition of a trade union. He defines a trade union as â€Å"a continuing organization of employees established for the purpose of protecting or improving, through collective action, the economic and social status of its members.’’Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Role of Trade Unions in 2011 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From his definition, the purpose for the formation of trade unions is to protect and improve the economic and social status of the members (Sinha, 2010). It is an organization of workers whose main objective is to regulate the relations between workers and employers Trade unions like most organizations enjoy a legal personality nature; can enter into agreements on behalf of their members and can sue or be sued. This also implies that powers and obligations only ex tend to the union itself but not to the members and officials. This report will explore on the following topics: top reasons for trade union membership, member’s expectations from such membership, effects of legislation on trade unions since 1996 and the effects of Human Resource practices on trade union membership. The decline of trade union membership has been a characteristic of many countries. In Britain for example, in 1970, 58% of workers were trade union members with over seventy percent of worker’s salaries set by collective bargaining; by 2004 less than thirty percent of workers were union members. Reasons for Union Membership Union laws such as the National Labor Relations Act also known as the Wagner Act, reserves the right of workers to unionize. Trade unions perform the following activities: provide benefits to members (e.g. legal advice), collective bargaining, enforcing strikes and promotion of political activity through participating in legislation for the benefit of their members. The main factors driving trade union membership for representation are, amongst others: safety at workplace, obtain higher remuneration, provision for job security, legal representation and getting better employment benefits. An individual worker possess little bargaining power relative to that of the employer, the best action to remedy this is to join a union which takes a powerful collective action via strikes against an employer.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Need for equal treatment by the workers at the workplace and protection from discriminations and favoritisms necessitates unionism (Bailey et al., 2010). Trade unions compel the employers to provide welfare services and retirement benefits for their employees, these acts as an incentive for union membership Unionism provides a sense of belongingness which is very much desired by worke rs; influences from member co-workers also motivates unionism. Trade unions provide legal representation to workers facing legal action hence protecting members from exploitation. To curb the issue of conflict of interest, unions are expected to have a distinguishable identity from that of employers and the state In a research, it was established that over 60%t of all respondents were of the opinion that workplace safety and obtaining better benefits were significant factors in membership decisions. Over 50% of the respondents said getting higher salaries and increasing job security were important factors in their decisions to join unions. The poll suggested that employees rated poor management as less significant. United States Department of Labor through the bureau of labor statistics report that union membership has declined since 1983. For example, in 2010, 12.5% of employees were union members down from 20.1% in 1983 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2011). In Australia Unmet demand is an important factor for Australian unions. Unmet demand is employees in non-union workplaces willing to join a union if presented with a chance. According to the Australian Worker Representation and Participation survey, unmet demand is highest among low income earners and young workers (Shirts and Slogans, 2010). It is widely recognized that through the negotiations of productivity deals and implementation of better working policies, industries with unions exhibit higher wages and salaries compared to industries that lack trade unions. Expectations from Union Membership Trade unions perform their roles independent of employers. However, to effectively perform its duties, unions are expected to establish working relations with employers. In regard to the reasons why workers join unions, trade unions are expected to negotiate, on behalf of their members, agreements with employers on matters of pay and conditions. For example, salaries and wages in Australia rose at a higher rate in 2007 than in 2006, trade unions playing a significant role (Watts, 2001). Trade unions are expected provide members with legal and financial advice, education and training facilities and consumer benefits. Trade unions also attend meetings with their members.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Role of Trade Unions in 2011 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Trade unions are known to represent their embers outside the workplace. For instance, Trade unions engage with governments, agencies and other organizations for policies in meeting their member’s interests. For example, union leaders in United States are complaining that the president has not focused on job creation and other plans intended to bring their members back to employment. Following the deteriorating working conditions reports, workers expect effective monitoring of working conditions at workplaces by the trade unions. Guided by the worker†™s desire for self-expression, trade unions are in the forefront in providing a platform for self-expression. Professionalism, this is expected from all unions; the quality and effectiveness of education and training provided by the Trade Union College needs to be improved. Unions have for the past decade involved themselves successfully in politics. Unions have invested resources in political campaigns and give donations to federal candidates. According to the Washington Post, union donations at the beginning of 2011 dropped by about 40% as compared to 2009 (the Washington Post, 2011). Impacts of Legislative Amendments since 1996 on Trade Union Activities Trade unions are reeling from legislative changes which have negative impacts on the unions. Australia’s Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1904, provides that ‘’no employee would be discriminated against or victimized by employers because of their union membership, no employer shall dismiss any employee from e mployment by reason merely of the fact that the employee is an officer or member of an organization.’’ These provisions were enhanced in 1914 through amendments (Bailey et al., 2010). The adoption of a closed shop policy in trade unions provide for mandatory membership of all employees to the same trade union, hence strengthening the organization. This has the positive effect of encouraging more workers to join trade unions. The introduction of Australian Workplace Agreements also known as AWA by the Howard Government was, according to trade unions, an attempt to restrict and undermine the bargaining power of trade unions. AWAs and individual agreements excluded the trade unions. Trade unions warned their members to signing of the AWAs as they would bring inequality between the employees and employers. Criticisms of the AWAs led to the introduction of â€Å"fairness test† in May 2007 (Balnave et al., 2009).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The government of 1996-2007 repealed federal union preference provisions preventing the inclusion of awards and agreements but introduced provisions of voluntary unionism in the Workplace Relations and Other Legislation Amendment Bill 1996. These provisions were incorporated into the Workplace Relations Act 1996 which retained the anti-discrimination protections. The introduction of voluntary unionism which provided freedom not to associate had a great impact on union membership. The then minister, Peter Reith, confirmed that workers would have a right to join or not to join a union and restrictions to union entry to workplaces imposed (O’Neill, 2010). The Workplace Relations Act (Cwlth) 1996 and subsequent amendments to the Workplace Relations Act (Workchoices) 2005, require employers to conduct and record regular performance. This prohibits dismissal of an employee without valid reason (Budhwar, Varma and Denisi, 2008). The Howard Government through the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cwlth), as amended in 2005 (Work Choices Act 2005) reduced the influence of trade unions by reducing the influence of collectively determined working conditions and diminished worker entitlements under awards. This reduction of influence of trade union drastically led to a fall in membership numbers. Following the implementation of the Workplace Relations Act (1996) the equity of the wages system was under pressure via the union and non-union certified and individual agreements. This was further intoxicated with the unsuccessful attempt by the then federal government to illegalize pattern bargaining. This was intended to diminish the trade union’s power of bargaining with common claim as a basis. In view of this, the Australian Council of Trade Unions oversaw demands for salary increment in excess of $20 (Watts, 2001). The Howard Government preferred voluntaristic arrangements over workplace representation. This compromised the ability of workers to legally go on st rike hence negatively affecting trade union activity. The implementation of these new laws was opposed by the Australian Council of Trade Unions especially through the media. The council adopted the ‘Your Rights at Work’ campaign as a tool for opposition. The federal Government projected a hostile view on trade unions with the now opposition leader defining trade unions as the enemy. This ‘voluntarist’ approach proved unpopular among the industrialist, this was evident when in 2007 the conservatives lost the federal election to the Australian Labor Party, also known as ALP. ALP under Kevin Rudd promised to abolish the Work Choices Act. ALP put emphasis in recognizing an enhanced role for trade unions introducing what they call a ‘protectionist’ approach. The policy adopted by the APL promotes the concept of democracy coupled with freedom of association hence enhancing union involvement (Bailey et al., 2010). In overall, the APL policy approach which aims at reforming the Howard Government’s Work choices legislation is fairly modest relative to the workplace reform in the European Union (Wilkinson et al., 2010). The Australian government is currently consulting trade unions in the legislation process. The Australian government is have been discussing provisions intended to ensure equal access to opportunities and rewards for the women in the labor market (Kramar, 1987). This affirmative action legislation will promote opportunity equality for women. Therefore, trade unions are fulfilling their role of promoting gender equality at work (Dickens, 2000). The involvement of trade unions in legislation is a positive move with regards to the trade union movement. HR Practices and their Impact on Trade Union Membership Human resource practices have, according to research, an influence on employee’s attitudes and behaviors at work. Recent studies have aimed to examine the extent to which employee’s performance s at work mediate the relationship between employee attitudes and behaviors and HR practices. It is of the opinion of many researchers that, the HR practices adopted by a firm has impacts employee’s experiences which in turn affect their behaviors and attitudes. HR practices such as decentralized design of jobs, socialization of employees, provision of training and development opportunities, information sharing and employment security have had an influence on organizational and employees’ outcomes (Appelbaum, 2002). Such practices will have a negative impact on the membership of trade unions as many of the workplaces’ concerns are taken care of. Research has suggested that provision of training facilities promotes the perception that an organization values an employee’s current and future contributions (Cornell University, 2007). Such HR practices address worker’s interests which in turn enhance job satisfaction and organizational performance. New paradigm firms recognize the need to motivate and retain high talent employees as an important element in business management. The loss of needed talent is costly as a result of bidding up of market salaries; this necessitates HR practices (Cheng, 2004). The use of HR practices and the decline in union membership are intertwined. Researchers come up with the hypothesis that HR practices act as a substitute for unionization (Machin and Wood, 2005). Both union suppression and substitution are as a result of employer’s opposition to unions. Favorable HR practices evoke the view of insignificance of unionization as workers see less need to join unions (Florito, 2001). The message put across is that there is no need for unionism; the cause of unionism has allegedly been catered for. On the other hand, trade unions have counter attacked such impacts by influencing some human resource management practices. For example, trade unions have adopted selective probationary hiring policies which are a formal approach to HR management (Maki, 2008). Executive Summary Although the roles of trade unions are very significant, governments and public entities have since the twentieth century been against trade unions. Governments have, for example the Australian government, through legislation tried to diminish the influence of trade unions. Employers have also had a hand in the decline of union membership though Human Resource practices. Trade Unions around the world have through councils (e.g. The Australian Trade Union Council) continuously and reluctantly defended their position. Employees see unionization as less important, Legislative Amendments have compromised union activities, and Employees seek union suppression and substitution methods; these amongst others are in the forefront in the causes of decline in union membership. In regards to the decline in trade union membership in the recent years especially among young and low earning workers; trade unions have reso rted the strategy of recruiting, servicing and organizing young people (Bailey et al., 2010). In conclusion trade unions have had major implications in the expansion of casual employment in Australia. Traditional trade union policies have failed in these areas and instead remain dominant. In regards to this, Trade unions have come up with a new approach intended decasualize employment. This new approach attempts to create a less hostile but discriminative view on non-standard employment. List of References Appelbaum, E., 2002. Work Employment Relations in the High Performance Workplace. The Impact of new reforms of work organizations on workers. Murray G., Belanger J., Giles A. London. P. 120-149. Bailey, J., Price, R., Esders, L., and McDonald, P., 2010. Marketing Unions to Young People. Journal of Industrial Relations. Balnave, N., Brown, J., Maconchie, G. Stone, R., 2009. Employment Relations in Australia (2nd Ed). Queensland: John Wiley Sons. Budhwar, P., Varma, A., Denisi, A. , 2008. Performance Management Systems: A Global Perspective. Routledge global human resource management series. Taylor Francis. Cheng, J., 2004. The Influence of Human Resource Management Practices on the Retention of Core Employees of Australian Organizations: An Empirical Study. Murdoch University. Cornell University, 2007. The Influence of HR Practices on Employee Commitment and Voluntary Turnover. Centre for Advanced Human Resource Studies, School of Industrial and Labour Relations. New York. Dickens, L., 2000. Promoting Gender Equality at Work- A Potential Role for Trade Union Action. Journal of interdisciplinary Gender Studies: JIGS, Vol. 5, No. 2, Dec 2000: 27-45. Florito, J., 2001. Human Resource Management Practices and Worker Desires for Union Representation. Journal of Labor Research. Transaction Publishers. Florida. Kramar, R., 1987. A Challenge to Australian Employers and Trade Unions: Affirmative Action. Journal of industrial relations. University of Sydney. Machin, S. and Wood, S., 2005. Human Resource Management as a Substitute for Trade Unions in British Workplaces. Industrial and Labor Relations Review. Cornell University, School of Industrial and Labor Relations. Maki, D., 2008. Trade Union Influence on Human Resource Management Practices. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society. Vol 33, Issue 1. Pp. 121-135. Shirts, D., Slogans, D., 2010. Marketing Unions to Young People. Journal of Industrial Relations February 1, 2010 52: 43-60. Sinha, 2010. Industrial Relations, Trade Unions, and Labour Legislation. Pearson Education IndiaISBN8177588133, 9788177588132 Washington Post, 2011. Labor unions go from high expectations in early days of Obama presidency to sobering reality. Web. Watts, M., 2001. Wages and Wage Determination in 2000. Journal of Industrial Relations; vol. 43, 2:pp. 177-195. Wilkinson, A., Gollan, P., Marchington, M., 2010. The Oxford handbook of participation in organizations. Oxford handbooks in business and mana gement. Oxford University Press. This report on Role of Trade Unions in 2011 was written and submitted by user Carlos Munoz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sample of Financial Need in Essay For Scholarship

Sample of Financial Need in Essay For ScholarshipSample of financial need in essay for scholarship is one of the many steps that is required to take in order to be eligible for scholarships. Financial need is a factor that helps to determine whether or not you will be awarded with a scholarship. The requirements vary by each scholarship, so you need to be aware of what it is that you need to do to be able to be awarded with one.The definition of financial need in essay for scholarship varies from state to state. For example, in some states it only requires that the person needs to have an amount of funds, while in others it also requires that the person must be employed. In some cases, a person is also required to be enrolled in a college.There are other factors that may be involved in a person's eligibility for financial need in essay for scholarship. These include financial need as well as ACT or SAT scores, English proficiency, and grade point average. A person's income will be co nsidered. Sometimes it will depend on how many people are in a household.If you want to know what kind of funding you need to be awarded with one, you need to make sure that you look into all of the different possibilities. You can do this by taking the time to examine each of the options available. This will help you get familiar with your needs and your options.The best way to do this is to get samples of financial need in essay for scholarship. These are also referred to as need papers. If you are interested in doing this, you should have a good understanding of what is available. You should know that there are both private and public sources that you can turn to.As with any paper that you write, it is important to understand that the essay will not just be based on your needs. You also need to put yourself in the perspective of your reader. You should know that you need to know how you can get the information that you need for your essay.You need to consider the writing style th at you want to use. You also need to understand the basic content that you will be using to support your needs. It will also help to understand how your reader will respond to the essay.Remember that you can use samples of financial need in essay for scholarship to get you started. The information that you need to get into this information will be available online. You should take advantage of this opportunity and use it to get prepared for your essay.

Super Words

Super Words Super Words Super Words By Sharon As a prefix, super- originates from the Latin super, an adverb and preposition meaning above, on top of, beyond, beside. Thats the original meaning of the English prefix, too, though according to the Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, it has taken on other senses over the centuries. These include: Higher in rank, quality or degree (example: superstructure) In the highest, or to a high degree, in excess ( example: superabundance) Expressing addition (example: supertax) Here are some super words which have the same root: Superb – excellent Supercilious – proud, arrogant (from the Latin for above the eyelid) Supercomputer – extra powerful and quick computer Superfine – extremely refined, over refined Superhuman Superintendent – director or manager of an organisation Superior – greater in number or quality Superlative – of outstanding quality Superman (originating with Nietzsche rather than Clark Kents alter ego) Supermodel – an exceptionally successful catwalk model Supernatural – inexplicable through natural laws; miraculous Superscribe – to write above Supersede – to supplant or replace Supervise – to direct or oversee There are dozens of others. Why not add yours in the comments or in the forum? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before WordsOne Fell SwoopComment, Suggestion, and Feedback